H.H. Holmes, Chicago Illinois, Active: 1891–1894
H.H. Holmes, often considered America’s first known serial killer, operated primarily in the late 19th century. He is most infamous for his so-called "Murder Castle or Hotel" which he built in Chicago. His Murder Castle was filled with hidden rooms, trap doors, and soundproof chambers. This was where he allegedly lured and killed his victims, most of whom were women during the 1893 World’s Fair. The exact number of his victims remains uncertain, as he made conflicting confessions and many of the records from that time are incomplete. H.H. Holmes was hanged in 1896.
While many details remain uncertain due to the time-period and Holmes’ own deceptive nature, his case remains one of the most infamous in American crime history.
Known and Alleged Victims
Benjamin Pitezel – Killed in 1894. A business associate of Holmes, Pitezel was Killed as part of an insurance fraud scheme.
Howard, Alice, and Nellie Pitezel – Killed in 1894. The three children of Benjamin Pitezel were murdered by Holmes after he convinced their mother to entrust them to him.
Julia Smythe – Disappeared between 1891-1892. A mistress of Holmes who disappeared along with her daughter, Pearl.
Pearl Smythe– Disappeared between 1891-1892. Julia’s daughter presumed murdered by Holmes.
Emeline Cigrand – Disappeared in 1892. A woman who worked for Holmes and vanished mysteriously.
Minnie Williams – Disappeared in 1893. Holmes’ romantic partner, she was last seen in his company.
Nannie Williams – Disappeared in 1893. Minnie’s sister, who also vanished.
Unnamed victims – Several guests and employees at Holmes' "Murder Castle" were rumored to have met their end there, though their identities remain speculative.
Holmes claimed to have Killed on 27 people, however some of the individuals he named were later found alive. Only nine murders were confirmed with reasonable evidence. Some estimates, largely based on sensationalized reports, suggest he may have killed up to 200 people.
